Why Are My Dogs Eyes Red? 13 Most Common Reasons for Bloodshot Eyes in Dogs

Dogs are known for their expressive eyes, but when those peepers turn red, it can be a cause for concern among pet owners. Which will then lead us to the question, “why are my dogs eyes red?” Redness in a dog's eyes can be a sign of an underlying health issue, and it's important for dog owners to understand the potential causes and seek appropriate care.

In most cases, dogs with red eyes only have one eye affected, but it may also affect both eyes. To identify the cause of red eyes, it is essential to consult with a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment. If left untreated, redness can lead to serious eye problems, and even vision loss in some cases.

This article aims to explore the common reasons behind red eyes in dogs and provide guidance on when to consult a veterinarian for a thorough examination and diagnosis.

Why Are My Dogs Eyes Red?

Environmental Factors 

The eyes of our furry companions are not only windows to their souls but also vulnerable to environmental factors that can lead to redness and discomfort. Dogs spend a significant amount of time outdoors, exposing their eyes to various elements that may trigger irritation or inflammation. It is important to be aware of the environmental factors that can affect a dog's health and wellbeing.

1. Pollen: Pollen from trees, grass, and flowers is a common allergen that can trigger redness and itching in dogs' eyes, just as it does in humans. Dogs can inhale or come into contact with pollen particles, leading to an allergic reaction.
2. Dust Mites: These are microscopic organisms found in household dust. Their fecal matter and body fragments can become airborne and irritate a dog's eyes, causing redness and discomfort.
3. Mold Spores: Molds thrive in damp environments and can be found both indoors and outdoors. Dogs exposed to mold spores may develop allergic reactions, including red and watery eyes.
4. Smoke, Dust and Air Pollution: Exposure to smoke, such as from tobacco or wood-burning stoves, as well as high levels of air pollution, can irritate dogs' eyes, leading to redness and discomfort.

Irritants

In addition to allergens, there are various irritants present in our environment that can affect dogs' eyes, leading to redness. Chemicals found in cleaning products, pesticides, or certain plants can irritate the eyes. Foreign objects like dust, sand, or grass can also cause irritation if they come into contact with the eyes. Moreover, factors such as sunlight, UV exposure, dry air, and strong winds can also contribute to irritation and subsequent redness. Understanding these irritants and taking appropriate preventive measures can help safeguard our dogs' eyes and maintain their ocular health.

1. Chemicals: Dogs can come into contact with various chemicals found in cleaning products, pesticides, or even certain plants. These chemicals can irritate the eyes, causing redness and potential damage.
2. Foreign Objects: Dogs, especially curious ones, may get foreign objects, such as dust, sand, or grass, lodged in their eyes. These objects can cause irritation, leading to redness and possible injury if not promptly addressed.
3. Sunlight and UV Exposure: Canines, particularly those with lighter fur or skin around their eyes, are susceptible to sunburn and UV damage. Prolonged exposure to sunlight without protection can result in redness, inflammation, and even long-term eye damage.
4. Dry Air and Wind: Dry air and strong winds can cause the eyes to become dry and irritated. When dogs' eyes lack adequate moisture, they may become red, itchy, and uncomfortable.

Medical Issues

This category encompasses a wide range of topics related to the health of dogs. One common issue that may require a trip to the vet is eye trauma. Dogs are susceptible to injuries that can cause trauma to any part of the eye, resulting in pain and discomfort. It is crucial to protect your dog's eyes when out and about, especially if they are running around near obstacles or other dogs.

If you notice any signs of trauma to the eye, such as redness, swelling, or discharge, it is essential to take your dog to the vet immediately for treatment. Your vet will evaluate the extent of the injury and recommend a course of action.

With prompt treatment, most trauma to the eye can be successfully treated, allowing your dog to recover quickly and maintain healthy eyes. Keeping a close eye on your dog's appearance and any changes in the way their eyes look can help you spot any issues early and ensure they receive the necessary care.

1. Conjunctivitis: Also known as “pink eye,” conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the conjunctiva—the clear tissue covering the eye. It can be caused by allergies, irritants, bacterial or viral infections, or foreign objects in the eye. Common symptoms include redness, discharge, squinting, and itching. Treatment usually involves topical medications prescribed by a veterinarian.
2. Dry Eye (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca): This occurs when there is insufficient tear production or poor tear quality, leading to eye irritation and redness. It can result from autoimmune conditions, genetics, certain medications, or previous infections. Treatment options include artificial tear supplements, medications, and, in severe cases, surgery.
3. Corneal Ulcers: These are open sores on the surface of the eye, often caused by trauma, foreign objects, or underlying eye conditions. Symptoms include redness, squinting, excessive tearing, and sensitivity to light. Treatment may involve medicated eye drops, ointments, or, in severe cases, surgery.
4. Glaucoma: It is a condition characterized by increased pressure within the eye, leading to damage to the optic nerve and potential loss of vision. Redness, cloudiness, dilated pupils, and vision loss are common signs. Immediate veterinary attention is necessary as glaucoma is considered an emergency, and treatment options may include medications or surgery.
5. Allergies: Dogs can develop allergies to various environmental factors, such as pollen, dust mites, or certain foods. Allergic reactions can cause redness, itching, swelling, and discharge in the eyes. Identifying and avoiding the allergen, along with antihistamines or prescribed medications, can help manage the symptoms.

Symptoms of Canine Red Eyes

Physiological Symptoms 

When the conjunctiva, which are the membranes lining the front of the eye, become red and inflamed, it can lead to red eyes. In addition to the eye itself, the hair around their eyes can also be affected, becoming matted or discolored. If you notice your dog rubbing or pawing at their eyes excessively, it's important to schedule an appointment with a vet as soon as possible. Treating the underlying cause of red eyes can help reduce symptoms and prevent further complications from developing. 

1. Redness 
2. Swelling
3. Discharge
4. Squinting

Behavioral Symptoms 

Behavioral symptoms in dogs can vary from breed to breed and can indicate several health issues. You must take note and be observant of any behavioral changes in your dog's eyes and seek medical attention as soon as possible. Additionally, avoiding excessive scratching around the eyes and regular cleaning of the area can also prevent irritation. Being proactive in protecting your dog's health can result in a longer and healthier life for your furry friend. 

1. Aggression 
2. Lethargy
3. Loss of appetite

When to Consult a Veterinarian

While occasional redness in a dog's eyes may not be a cause for immediate concern, persistent or worsening redness should prompt a visit to the veterinarian, especially if you are suspecting cherry eyes. Additionally, if red eyes are accompanied by other symptoms like discharge, squinting, cloudiness, vision changes, or behavioral changes, it is crucial to seek veterinary attention promptly.

A veterinarian will perform a comprehensive eye examination, including assessing the eye's structure, evaluating tear production, and potentially performing diagnostic tests such as corneal staining or measuring intraocular pressure. This thorough examination will help identify the underlying cause of the redness and guide appropriate treatment.

Treatment and Prevention

Medical Treatment 

The specific medical treatment for red eyes depends on the underlying cause identified by a veterinarian. Here are some common treatment options:

1. Prescription Eye Drops or Ointments:
   • Antibiotics: If the redness is caused by a bacterial infection or conjunctivitis, the veterinarian may prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointments to help clear the infection.
   • Anti-inflammatory Medications: For cases of inflammation or allergic reactions, corticosteroid eye drops may be prescribed to reduce swelling and redness.
2. Lubricating Eye Drops:
   • In cases of dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), artificial tears or lubricating eye drops may be recommended to moisturize the eyes and alleviate redness and discomfort.
3. Antihistamines or Allergy Medications:
   • If the redness is associated with allergies, antihistamines or other allergy medications may be prescribed to reduce allergic reactions and relieve symptoms.
4. Topical Pain Relief:
   • In situations where the dog experiences significant discomfort or pain, the veterinarian may recommend topical pain relief medications to alleviate discomfort and promote healing.
5. Treatment for Underlying Conditions:
   • Depending on the cause of red eyes, additional treatments may be necessary. For instance, if corneal ulcers or glaucoma are identified, specific medications or surgical interventions may be required to address the underlying condition.
6. Follow-up Appointments:
   • In some cases, follow-up appointments may be scheduled to monitor the dog's progress and make adjustments to the treatment plan if necessary.

It is essential to follow the veterinarian's instructions regarding the administration of medications and the duration of treatment. Additionally, pet owners should monitor their dog's response to the treatment and report any changes or concerns to the veterinarian.

Preventive Measures and Eye Care Tips

1. Regular Eye Examinations: Schedule routine eye examinations with a veterinarian to detect any early signs of eye problems and address them promptly.
2. Proper Hygiene: Keep your dog's eyes clean by gently wiping away any discharge or debris with a clean, damp cloth. Use a separate cloth for each eye to prevent cross-contamination.
3. Avoid Irritants: Protect your dog's eyes from potential irritants such as smoke, chemicals, or foreign objects. If necessary, use protective goggles or consult a veterinarian for suitable options.
4. Diet and Nutrition: Provide a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients, including vitamins A, C, and E, which are vital for maintaining healthy eyes. Consult with a veterinarian to ensure your dog's diet meets their specific needs.
5. Environmental Management: Minimize exposure to allergens by keeping the environment clean and reducing potential triggers like dust, pollen, or mold. Regularly clean bedding, vacuum the house, and consider air purifiers if necessary.

Final Words

Red eyes in dogs can be caused by various factors, ranging from minor irritations to more severe conditions. Recognizing the signs and understanding the potential causes can help dog owners take appropriate action to ensure their pet's ocular health. Remember, if your dog's eyes appear consistently red or are accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it is crucial to seek veterinary attention. A veterinarian will be able to diagnose the underlying issue and recommend the best course of treatment to alleviate discomfort and maintain your dog's vision and overall well-being.